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A research focus on hazards, risk perception and risk minimizing strategies is relatively new in the social and environmental sciences. This volume by a prominent scholar of East African societies is a powerful example of this growing interest. Earlier theory and research tended to describe social and economic systems in some form of equilibrium. However recent thinking in human ecology, evolutionary biology, not to mention in economic and political theory has come to assign to "risk" a prominent role in predictive modeling of behavior. It turns out that risk minimalization is central to the understanding of individual strategies and numerous social institutions. It is not simply a peripheral and transient moment in a group’s history. Anthropologists interested in forager societies have emphasized risk management strategies as a major force shaping hunting and gathering routines and structuring institutions of food sharing and territorial behavior. This book builds on some of these developments but through the analysis of quite complex pastoral and farming peoples and in populations with substantial known histories. The method of analysis depends heavily on the controlled comparisons of different populations sharing some cultural characteristics but differing in exposure to certain risks or hazards. The central questions guiding this approach are: 1) How are hazards generated through environmental variation and degradation, through increasing internal stratification, violent conflicts and marginalization? 2) How do these hazards result in damages to single households or to individual actors and how do these costs vary within one society? 3) How are hazards perceived by the people affected? 4) How do actors of different wealth, social status, age and gender try to minimize risks by delimiting the effect of damages during an on-going crisis and what kind of institutionalized measures do they design to insure themselves against hazards, preventing their occurrence or limiting their effects? 5) How is risk minimization affected by cultural innovation and how can the importance of the quest for enhanced security as a driving force of cultural evolution be estimated?

Social Sciences. --- Anthropology. --- Community & Population Ecology. --- Social sciences. --- Ecology. --- Sciences sociales --- Ecologie --- Anthropologie --- Africa -- Environmental conditions. --- Environmental risk assessment -- Africa. --- Himba (African people) -- Social conditions. --- Human ecology -- Africa. --- Indigenous peoples -- Ecology -- Africa. --- Risk management -- Africa. --- Suk (African people) -- Social conditions. --- Human ecology --- Environmental risk assessment --- Risk management --- Indigenous peoples --- Suk (African people) --- Himba (African people) --- Anthropology --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Change --- Anthropogeography & Human Ecology --- Ecology --- Social conditions --- Social conditions. --- Africa --- Environmental conditions. --- Cimba (African people) --- Himba (Bantu people) --- Luzimba (African people) --- Ovahimba (African people) --- Ovazemba (African people) --- Ovazimba (African people) --- Shimba (African people) --- Simba (African people) --- Tjimba (African people) --- Vatwa (African people) --- Zemba (African people) --- Bawgott (African people) --- Hill Suk (African people) --- Pakot (African people) --- Plains Suk (African people) --- Pokot (African people) --- Suks --- Aboriginal peoples --- Aborigines --- Indigenous populations --- Native peoples --- Native races --- Community ecology, Biotic. --- Ethnology --- Nilotic peoples --- Insurance --- Management --- Bantu-speaking peoples --- Risk assessment --- Precautionary principle --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Human beings --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Population biology --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Adivasis --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences

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In het geschiedenisonderwijs in Vlaanderen wordt nog al te vaak een eurocentrisch perspectief gehanteerd. Dit eurocentrisch denken stelt voorop dat de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen in de wereldgeschiedenis te vinden zijn in de evolutie van de Europese en Westerse wereld, en gebruikt het Westen als maatstaf om andere beschavingen te beoordelen. De eurocentrische blik is het resultaat van de polariserende wig die vanaf het begin van de Europese koloniale expansie werd gedreven tussen the West and the rest. Een eurocentrisch denkkader is uiterst problematisch. Het belemmert een genuanceerde historiografische blik om vanuit verschillende perspectieven historisch te denken. Daarnaast dreigt ook de onwetendheid over andere culturen de vorming van een superioriteitsgevoel over de eigen geschiedenis te bevorderen. Dit derde volume in de reeks 'Historisch denken' presenteert inhoudelijk-didactische alternatieven en toont hoe eurocentrisme kan worden overstegen. Case studies over Chinees-Westerse en Belgisch-Congolese geschiedenis maken dit concreet.

Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Didactics of history --- History as a science --- geschiedenisonderwijs --- didactiek --- geschiedenis --- cultuurpsychologie --- multiculturele samenleving --- globalisering --- Histoire --- --Enseignement --- --Interculturalité --- --Geschiedenis ; onderwijs ; Vlaanderen --- Intercultureel onderwijs ; Vlaanderen --- Geschiedenis ; secundair onderwijs ; didactiek --- #SBIB:93H2 --- #SBIB:39A4 --- #SBIB:327.4H21 --- #SBIB:316.334.1O340 --- 456.6 --- multiculturalisme --- Enseignement général --- Histoire contemporaine --- Communauté flamande --- C8 --- maatschappijbeeld --- interculturele relaties --- Congo --- kolonisatie --- China --- flämische Gemeinschaft --- Komuniteti Flaman --- Komunità Fjamminga --- flaamikeelne kogukond --- flámska komunita --- Comunità fiamminga --- wspólnota flamandzka --- Flāmu kopiena --- Flemish Community --- flamanska zajednica --- comunidade flamenga --- flanderská oblast --- Comunitatea Flamandă --- flamandų bendruomenė --- An Pobal Pléimeannach --- Vlaamse Gemeenschap --- фламандска общност --- flamländskt språkområde --- flamand közösség --- Comunidad flamenca de Bélgica --- Φλαμανδική Κοινότητα --- flaaminkielinen yhteisö --- фламанска заједница --- фламанска заедница --- Flamska skupnost --- det flamske sprogsamfund --- Belgium flamand közössége --- Flaami kogukond --- stair chomhaimseartha --- contemporary history --- suvremena povijest --- historia contemporánea --- samtidshistoria --- sodobna zgodovina --- Geschichte der Gegenwart --- istorie contemporană --- storia contemporanea --- hedendaagse geschiedenis --- soudobá historie --- nykyhistoria --- súčasné dejiny --- lähiajalugu --- šiuolaikinė istorija --- História Contemporânea --- samtidshistorie --- legújabb kori történelem --- σύγχρονη ιστορία --- histori bashkëkohore --- storja kontemporanja --- съвременна история --- jauno laiku vēsture --- historia współczesna --- современа историја --- савремена историја --- tegenwoordige tijd --- età contemporanea --- gegenwärtige Epoche --- современа епоха --- историја на новата ера --- nutidshistoria --- historie současnosti --- nykyaika --- σύγχρονη εποχή --- nutidshistorie --- современа ера --- Gegenwartsgeschichte --- σύγχρονα χρόνια --- nutid --- nieuwste geschiedenis --- epoka bashkëkohore --- jelenkor --- Idade Contemporânea --- актуелна историја --- âge contemporain --- contemporary era --- suvremena era --- Edad Contemporánea --- nüüdisaeg --- současná historie --- samtid --- époque contemporaine --- šiuolaikinė era --- almen undervisning --- všeobecné školství --- enseñanza general --- опште образовање --- ensino geral --- szkolnictwo ogólnokształcące --- arsim i përgjithshëm --- všeobecné vzdelávanie --- învățământ general --- allgemein bildender Unterricht --- γενική εκπαίδευση --- општо образование --- splošno izobraževanje --- oideachas ginearálta --- edukazzjoni ġenerali --- общо образование --- opće obrazovanje --- vispārīgā izglītība --- istruzione generale --- allmän undervisning --- general education --- általános oktatás --- üldharidus --- yleinen opetus --- bendrasis ugdymas --- algemeen onderwijs --- bendrasis lavinimas --- гимназија --- všeobecně vzdělávací škola --- allmän utbildning --- гимназиско образование --- všeobecné vzdělávání --- Algemene geschiedenis, wereldgeschiedenis --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Kolonisatie / dekolonisatie / post-kolonisatie --- Onderwijs en sociale verandering, onderwijs en samenleving --- didactiek algemeen - geschiedenis, maatschappijleer --- Ideologie en politiek --- Eurocentrism --- History --- Historiography --- Study and teaching --- Europe --- Historiography. --- Area studies --- Education --- Research --- Geography --- Area research --- Foreign area studies --- History. --- Enseignement --- Interculturalité --- Geschiedenis ; onderwijs ; Vlaanderen --- Communauté flamande --- Enseignement général --- histoire contemporaine --- Europe. --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- China. --- Chine --- Relations exterieures --- Foreign relations --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Congo DR --- Congo (Kinshasa) --- Congo (Leopoldville) --- Democratic Republic of Congo --- Democratic Republic of the Congo --- Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo --- DR Congo --- DRC (Democratic Republic of the Congo) --- DRK (Demokraticheskai︠a︡ Respublika Kongo) --- Kongo --- R.D. Congo --- RD Congo --- RDC (République démocratique du Congo) --- Republic of Congo (Leopoldville) --- Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville) --- République démocratique du Congo --- République du Congo (Leopoldville) --- Belgian Congo --- Zaire --- 1949 --- -BNKhAU --- Chung-hua min kuo --- Jhonggu --- Khi͡atad --- Kin --- Kita --- Kitaĭskai͡a Narodnai͡a Respublika --- National Government --- Republic --- Republic of China --- Zhonghuaminguo --- DRC --- DRK --- RDC --- Republic of Congo --- Republic of the Congo --- République du Congo